Haemato Oncology is the branch of medicine that focuses on diagnosing and treating blood-related cancers and disorders, such as leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, and aplastic anemia. It deals with diseases that originate in the bone marrow, blood cells, and lymphatic system.
Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT), also known as Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT), is a life-saving treatment option used to replace damaged or diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells. These healthy cells help the body regenerate normal blood and immune cells, restoring bone marrow function and improving long-term survival in patients with serious blood disorders.
Modern haemato-oncology care combines advanced diagnostics, targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation, providing patients with comprehensive and personalized treatment solutions.
The primary goal of Haemato Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant is to cure or control blood cancers, restore normal blood formation, and rebuild the immune system.
BMT is usually recommended when the patient’s bone marrow is no longer able to produce healthy blood cells or has been destroyed due to disease or chemotherapy.
Common Indications for Haemato Oncology & BMT include:
Leukemia (Acute or Chronic)
Lymphoma (Hodgkin’s & Non-Hodgkin’s)
Multiple Myeloma
Aplastic Anemia
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)
Thalassemia Major
Severe Immunodeficiency Disorders
Bone marrow failure due to chemotherapy or radiation
The treatment can be curative for many of these conditions and can significantly extend the patient’s life expectancy when done at the right stage.
The Bone Marrow Transplant procedure is a highly specialized, multi-step process performed under the supervision of expert Haemato Oncologists and Transplant Specialists.
It includes the following stages:
Pre-Transplant Evaluation:
A detailed series of tests including blood work, imaging, and bone marrow biopsy are performed to assess the patient’s health and ensure transplant readiness. If a donor is needed, HLA typing is done to find a suitable match.
Stem Cell Collection:
Stem cells are collected either from the patient (autologous transplant) or from a compatible donor (allogeneic transplant).
Autologous BMT: Patient’s own healthy stem cells are harvested before high-dose therapy.
Allogeneic BMT: Stem cells are collected from a matched sibling, family member, or unrelated donor.
Conditioning Therapy:
High-dose chemotherapy and/or radiation is given to destroy diseased marrow cells and prepare the body to accept the new stem cells.
Transplantation:
The collected healthy stem cells are infused into the patient’s bloodstream through an IV line — similar to a blood transfusion. These cells travel to the bone marrow and begin producing new, healthy blood cells.
Engraftment & Recovery:
Over the next few weeks, the new stem cells start growing and generating blood cells. The patient is closely monitored for signs of engraftment and any complications such as infection or graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).
Post-Transplant Care:
After the procedure, patients require specialized care in a sterile environment with strong infection control. Regular blood tests, medications to prevent rejection, and nutritional support are vital. Most patients gradually regain strength and immunity within a few months.
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